Certified Associate in Software Testing (CAST) Practice Test

What testing type is characterized by unpredictable process capability?

1. Agile Model

2. Waterfall Model

3. Iterative Model

4. V-Model

The correct answer is: Waterfall Model

The Waterfall Model is characterized by a linear and sequential approach to software development, where each phase must be completed before the next begins. This structure can lead to unpredictable process capability when changes or unexpected issues arise during a later phase, such as testing or maintenance. Once a phase is completed, revisiting it typically requires significant effort and can disrupt the overall process. This contrast with more flexible methodologies, like Agile, which allow for iterative progress and adaptability, contributes to the unpredictability of the waterfall approach. In contrast, Agile emphasizes adaptability and iterative cycles, leading to more predictable outcomes as feedback is continually incorporated into the development process. The Iterative Model also allows for feedback loops and gradual refinements, offering a similar level of adaptability. The V-Model, while having advantages in validation and verification, still adheres to a rigid structure that can lead to unpredictability if initial requirements change. Thus, the Waterfall Model's strict phase progression makes it unique in its potential for unpredictable process capability.